Disabilità e scuola, poca assistenza è violazione dei diritti: la sentenza

Redazione:

Manca poco all’inizio della scuola anche per gli alunni con disabilità e già arrivano le prime storie di mancata inclusione scolastica. Il 29 agosto 2022 la Sezione Terza del Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per la Lombardia ha stabilito che, se l’assistenza agli studenti disabili è inferiore a quella prevista, si tratta di violazione dei diritti e delle norme.

Disabilità e scuola, cosa dice la sentenza del TAR sull’assistenza

Nella fattispecie, la storia coinvolge circa sei sentenze molto simili tra loro. In una di queste, il TAR ha studiato un doppio caso di alunni con sordità neurosensoriale bilaterale profonda e frequentanti, all’epoca del ricorso (anno 2021), rispettivamente il primo anno della scuola secondaria di secondo grado e il secondo anno della scuola primaria.

Come si legge nel documento, il contezioso mosso dai genitori inficiava sulla richiesta di accertare “il diritto dei loro figli di poter beneficiare delle prestazioni di un assistente alla comunicazione esperto in lingua LIS per tutta la durata delle lezioni scolastiche”, cioè rispettivamente 36 ore e 38 ore settimanali, “e non per sole undici ore come disposto da Regione Lombardia”.

Insomma, dalla sentenza si evince che il diritto all’assistente alla comunicazione esperto in lingua LIS è sacrosanto, e deve essere difeso per tutte le ore necessarie alla formazione scolastica dell’individuo.

A tal fine, i giudici hanno richiamato l’art. 3 comma 2, l’art. 12 e l’art. 13 della Legge 104/1992 e l’art. 5 del d.lgs. n. 66 del 2017, i quali prevedono a loro volta che, dopo l’intervento dell’accertamento sanitario che dà luogo al diritto a fruire delle prestazioni assistenziali, deve essere elaborato, per ogni alunno disabile, un documento denominato ‘profilo di funzionamento’ propedeutico alla formazione del Piano Educativo Individualizzato (P.E.I.)”.

“È dunque evidente – scrivono i giudici – la fondamentale funzione svolta dal P.E.I. nel sistema di tutela dell’alunno disabile, posto che tale documento, oltre ad accertare l’entità
dei suoi bisogni, individua gli strumenti necessari per farvi fronte, fra cui, come detto, quello del sostegno scolastico”.

In aggiunta, risulta “evidente che la mancata o incompleta esecuzione delle previsioni contenute in tale documento, soprattutto per quanto riguarda gli strumenti di tutela, determina di fatto l’impossibilità per l’alunno disabile di frequentare proficuamente la scuola, con conseguente lesione dei diritti sanciti in suo favore dalle norme sopra illustrate. A questo punto, si deve osservare che la violazione di tali diritti comporta altresì la violazione delle norme e dei principi di cui agli artt. 3, 32, 34 e 38 della Costituzione”.

Perciò “la fattispecie sottoposta all’esame del Collegio costituisce esempio emblematico di violazione dei suddetti diritti“, di conseguenza “tali prestazioni dovranno essere erogate nella medesima misura anche per gli anni scolastici successivi sino a quando non si procederà con i periodici aggiornamenti dei P.E.I., dovendosi ragionevolmente presumere la loro perdurante indispensabilità ai fini della proficua fruizione dei servizi scolastici da parte dei soggetti bisognosi che ne beneficiano”.

Leggi anche: Disabilità e scuola, il nuovo PEI è valido: l’ha stabilito il Consiglio di Stato

Angelo Andrea Vegliante
Da diversi anni realizza articoli, inchieste e videostorie nel campo della disabilità, con uno sguardo diretto sul concetto che prima viene la persona e poi la sua disabilità. Grazie alla sua esperienza nel mondo associazionistico italiano e internazionale, Angelo Andrea Vegliante ha potuto allargare le proprie competenze, ottenendo capacità eclettiche che gli permettono di spaziare tra giornalismo, videogiornalismo e speakeraggio radiofonico. La sua impronta stilistica è da sempre al servizio dei temi sociali: si fa portavoce delle fasce più deboli della società, spinto dall'irrefrenabile curiosità. L’immancabile sete di verità lo contraddistingue per la dedizione al fact checking in campo giornalistico e come capo redattore del nostro magazine online.

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