Schwa: cos’è, significato, come si pronuncia e come si usa

Redazione:

Da diversi anni il dibattito sulla Schwaə” (la e rovesciata) è stato alimentato da più parti, con l’obiettivo di sponsorizzare una lingua italiana più inclusiva. Dibattitto che, durante la maturità del 2023, è tornato prepotentemente alle cronache, visto che il maturando del Liceo Plinio Seniore di Roma Gabriele Lodetti l’ha usata per la prima volta durante la prima prova dell’Esame di Stato.

“Ormai lo schwa è entrato nel mio modo di pensare – ha dichiarato il giovane a Repubblica – e sarebbe complicato non utilizzarlo per esprimermi. Volevo dimostrare che utilizzare una forma di linguaggio che rappresenti tutti e tutte è possibile, anche durante una prova importante come l’esame di Stato. Sì, è stato anche un gesto di sfida, ma non verso la commissione, bensì verso il sistema scolastico e la società”.

Cosa significa la Schwa e a cosa serve?

Come detto precedentemente, la Schwa si pone l’obiettivo di cambiare la corrente lingua italiana, legata principalmente a un predominio del genere maschile che, nei casi generali, tende a rappresentare anche quello femminile. Usare la e rovesciata in italiano al posto della desinenza maschile vuole definire un gruppo misto di persone, indipendentemente dal genere, e dare una identificazione più consona anche alle persone non-binarie.

La Schwa non è un simbolo appartenente alla lingua italiana, ma si trova comunque nell’alfabeto fonetico internazionale: in pratica, si usa come fonema quando bisogna far comprendere come si pronuncia una determinata parola.

Come si legge e che suono ha la Schwa?

Questo fonema è una vocale intermedia e il suono è una pronuncia di una vocale esistente a metà strada. Per capire meglio il concetto, vi consigliamo l’ascolto della pronuncia direttamente dall’alfabeto fonetico internazionale.

Leggi anche: Ecco quali termini usare per parlare e scrivere di disabilità

Chi ha proposto la vocale Schwa e da quando si usa?

La Schwa è un suono vocalico che deriva dalla lingua ebraica. Di fatto, la sua presenza sarebbe stata attestata per la prima volta nell’ebraico medievale, intorno al decimo secolo dopo Cristo. La sua etimologia non è ancora chiara, ma questa lettera è ampiamente diffusa per definire i due puntini nell’ebraico biblico.

Come ripercorre Il Post, l’invenzione della e rovesciata invece si deve al linguista tedesco Andrea Schmeller, che era alla ricerca di una vocale molto breve. Anni dopo l’esperto di fonetica Alexander John Ellis utilizzò questo simbolo nella lingua inglese per identificare una vocale indistinta. Alla fine dell’Ottocento fu compilato l’alfabetico internazionale, e qui apparve anche la Schwa. L’attivista per l’introduzione dell’ə, Luca Boschetto, scrisse che dietro all’utilizzo della schwa ci fosse una somiglianza grafica: “Assomiglia ad una forma intermedia tra una ‘a’ e una ‘o'”.

L’Accademia della Crusca disse no Schwa

Nel marzo 2023 il dibattito sulla Schwa divenne così importante che anche l’Accademia della Crusca intervenne per dare la sua opinione in merito, spiegando che asterishi e schwa non possono essere ufficializzati nella lingua italiana in quanto ideologici.

Queste le motivazioni dell’Accademia della Crusca: “I principi ispiratori dell’ideologia legata al linguaggio di genere e alle correzioni delle presunte storture della lingua tradizionale non vanno sopravvalutati, perché sono in parte frutto di una radicalizzazione legata a mode culturali. (…). È da escludere nella lingua giuridica l’uso di segni grafici che non abbiano una corrispondenza nel parlato, introdotti artificiosamente per decisione minoritaria di singoli gruppi, per quanto ben intenzionati. Va dunque escluso tassativamente l’asterisco al posto delle desinenze dotate di valore morfologico (“Car* amic*, tutt* quell* che riceveranno questo messaggio…”). Lo stesso vale per lo scevà o schwa”.

Leggi anche: Storia del simbolo disabile: dalla dinamicità all’uomo vitruviano

Angelo Andrea Vegliante
Da diversi anni realizza articoli, inchieste e videostorie nel campo della disabilità, con uno sguardo diretto sul concetto che prima viene la persona e poi la sua disabilità. Grazie alla sua esperienza nel mondo associazionistico italiano e internazionale, Angelo Andrea Vegliante ha potuto allargare le proprie competenze, ottenendo capacità eclettiche che gli permettono di spaziare tra giornalismo, videogiornalismo e speakeraggio radiofonico. La sua impronta stilistica è da sempre al servizio dei temi sociali: si fa portavoce delle fasce più deboli della società, spinto dall'irrefrenabile curiosità. L’immancabile sete di verità lo contraddistingue per la dedizione al fact checking in campo giornalistico e come capo redattore del nostro magazine online.

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