DAT – Dichiarazione anticipata di trattamento – Come funziona

Redazione:

La Dichiarazione Anticipata di Trattamento, conosciuta anche con la sigla DAT, è un vero e proprio testamento biologico, un documento firmato anticipatamente che dà la possibilità ad un cittadino italiano di accettare o rifiutare trattamenti sanitari nell’eventualità in cui dovesse trovarsi ad affrontare una malattia terminale, irreversibile o invalidante e, soprattutto, nella condizione di incapacità di esprimere il proprio diritto di acconsentire o non acconsentire alle cure proposte anche nella consapevolezza che la sua scelta possa accelerare la fine della propria esistenza.

Testamento biologico

Dichiarazione anticipata di trattamento – “Io sottoscritto, nel pieno delle mie facoltà mentali ed in libertà di scelta, dispongo che qualora fossi affetto da una malattia allo stadio terminale o da una malattia invalidante e irreversibile o da una malattia che comporti l’utilizzo permanente di macchine o altri sistemi artificiali impedirmi una vita normale di non essere più sottoposto ad alcun trattamento terapeutico”.

Il diritto all’autodeterminazione

Fino ad un recente passato era il medico che decideva quale comportamento adottare con il proprio paziente e quale percorso terapeutico intraprendere. Ma con i cambiamenti ottenuti grazie al progresso medico, scientifico e tecnologico che hanno reso possibile curare molte malattie un tempo mortali e tenere in vita artificialmente pazienti che altrimenti sarebbero deceduti, oggi la situazione è cambiata. Ed è cambiato anche il rapporto tra medico e paziente, poiché quest’ultimo possiede ora il diritto di decidere in autonomia su cosa fare della propria vita. Più nello specifico l’Articolo 32 della Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana stabilisce che “nessuno può essere obbligato a un determinato trattamento sanitario se non per disposizione di legge”. Bisogna ricordare che in Italia è consentita la libertà di cura e quindi il paziente ha il diritto di richiedere la sospensione delle terapie o di rifiutarsi di accettare quello che è considerato come accanimento terapeutico. Ciò che nel nostro paese non è invece consentito è procedere con l’eutanasia che, prevedendo l’intervento di un medico per indurre alla morte attraverso la somministrazione di farmaci, è considerata allo stesso livello di un omicidio.

Va sottolineato che in una visione laica ogni individuo è sovrano di se stesso, del suo corpo e della sua mente. E che non può essere messo in dubbio il diritto all’autodeterminazione della persona la cui responsabilità morale è legata alla propria visione della vita e della morte. Quindi una persona può liberamente decidere se sottoporsi ad ogni tipo di cura oppure non accettare le terapie per prolungare un’esistenza che, a suo dire, non vale più la pena di essere vissuta.

Informazioni utili

Qualunque cittadino può registrare e depositare presso l’Ufficio preposto del Comune di residenza (gli uffici competenti variano da comune a comune) il DAT, nominando anche uno o più fiduciari che, in caso del verificarsi della predetta situazione, divengono i soggetti chiamati a dare fedele espressione di quelle che sono le decisioni stabilite ed indicate nel documento.

Scarica gli esempi di Dichiarazione Anticipata di Trattamento

Modulo testamento biologico

Redazione - Ability Channel
Dal 2011 la redazione di Ability Channel tiene informati i suoi lettori su tutto ciò che riguarda il mondo della disabilità: partendo dalle patologie, passando per le attività di enti ed associazioni, fino ad arrivare a raccontarne la spettacolarità sportiva paralimpica. Ability Channel è l'approccio positivo alla disabilità, una risorsa fondamentale della nostra società.

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